Heart Rhythm
Volume 6, Issue 7 , Pages 1059-1062 , July 2009

Cardiac resynchronization therapy and the electrical substrate in heart failure: What does the QRS conceal?

  • Niraj Varma, MA, DM, FRCP

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Niraj Varma, Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195

References 

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  2. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1539–1549
  3. Varma N. Left ventricular conduction delays in response to right ventricular apical pacing (Influence of LV dysfunction and bundle branch block). J Cardiovasc Electrophsyiol. 2008;19:114–122
  4. Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, et al. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial. JAMA. 2002;288:3115–3123
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  9. Varma N. Left ventricular conduction delays and relation to QRS configuration in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103:1578–1585
  10. Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, et al. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1845–1853
  11. Kass DA. Predicting cardiac resynchronization response by QRS duration: the long and short of it. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:2125–2127
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  13. Rodriguez LM, Timmermans C, Nabar A, Beatty G, Wellens HJ. Variable patterns of septal activation in patients with left bundle branch block and heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003;14:135–141
  14. Jia P, Ramanathan C, Ghanem RN, Ryu K, Varma N, Rudy Y. Electrocardiographic imaging of cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: observation of variable electrophysiologic responses. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:296–310
  15. Bleeker GB, Kaandorp TA, Lamb HJ, et al. Effect of posterolateral scar tissue on clinical and echocardiographic improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation. 2006;113:969–976
  16. Lambiase PD, Rinaldi A, Hauck J, et al. Non-contact left ventricular endocardial mapping in cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Heart. 2004;90:44–51
  17. Spragg DD, Akar FG, Helm RH, Tunin RS, Tomaselli GF, Kass DA. Abnormal conduction and repolarization in late-activated myocardium of dyssynchronously contracting hearts. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;67:77–86
  18. Blanc JJ, Fatemi M, Bertault V, Baraket F, Etienne Y. Evaluation of left bundle branch block as a reversible cause of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy with severe heart failure (A new concept of left ventricular dyssynchrony-induced cardiomyopathy). Europace. 2005;7:604–610
  19. Singh JP, Fan D, Heist EK, et al. Left ventricular lead electrical delay predicts response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:1285–1292
  20. Ramanathan C, Ghanem RN, Jia P, Ryu K, Rudy Y. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging for cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia. Nat Med. 2004;10:422–428
  21. Varma N, Jia P, Rudy Y. Placebo CRT. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19:878

 Dr. Varma is a member of the scientific advisory board of CardioInsight Technologies (CIT). CIT has not supported any research conducted by Dr. Varma presented here.

PII: S1547-5271(09)00392-0

doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.03.052

Heart Rhythm
Volume 6, Issue 7 , Pages 1059-1062 , July 2009

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