Clinical Guidelines & Documents
2021 PACES Expert Consensus Statement on the Indications and Management of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in Pediatric Patients
In view of the increasing complexity of both cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and patients in the current era, practice guidelines, by necessity, have become increasingly specific. This document is an expert consensus statement that has been developed to update and further delineate indications and management of CIEDs in pediatric patients, defined as ≤21 years of age, and is intended to focus primarily on the indications for CIEDs in the setting of specific disease categories.2021 PACES Expert Consensus Statement on the Indications and Management of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in Pediatric Patients: Executive Summary
Document Reviewers: Philip M. Chang, MD, FHRS, FACC; Fabrizio Drago, MD, FAIAC; Anne M. Dubin, MD, FHRS; Susan P. Etheridge, MD, FHRS; Apichai Kongpatanayothin, MD, FAsCC; Jose Manuel Moltedo, MD, FACC; Ashish A. Nabar, MD, DNB, PhD, FISE; George F. Van Hare, MD, FHRS, FACC, FAAPPACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Recognition and Management of Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Executive Summary: Developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD)
Nearly one-third of all major congenital anomalies are heart defects, with an estimated 9 per 1000 live births afflicted by congenital heart disease (CHD) worldwide.1 Remarkable advances in care have resulted in impressive gains in survival such that more than 90% of children with CHD in developed countries today are expected to survive to adulthood.2 Consequently, the past decades have witnessed historical shifts in population demographics, as adults now outnumber children with CHD. Population-based estimates indicate that there are currently more than 1 million adults with CHD in the United States alone, more than 100,000 in Canada, and 1.8 million in Europe.PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Recognition and Management of Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD)
Nearly one third of all major congenital anomalies are heart defects, with an estimated 9 per 1000 live births afflicted by congenital heart disease (CHD) worldwide.1 Remarkable advances in care have resulted in impressive gains in survival such that over 90% of children with CHD in developed countries today are expected to survive into adulthood.2 Consequently, the past decades have witnessed historical shifts in population demographics, as adults now outnumber children with CHD. Population-based estimates indicate that there are currently over 1 million adults with CHD in the United States alone, over 100,000 in Canada, and 1.8 million in Europe.
