Seminal observations by Haissaguerre et al1 demonstrating initiation of atrial fibrillation (AF) by pulmonary vein (PV) depolarizations led to the development of percutaneous catheter-based endocardial AF ablation procedure. Since its original description, the AF ablation procedure has evolved considerably. Currently, the most accepted ablation strategy involves creating circumferential radiofrequency (RF) ablation lesions around PV ostia (either individually or encircling wide areas around the left-sided and right-sided veins) with or without additional atrial lesions.
